農業自動氣象觀測站

　　一、農(nong)業自動氣(qi)象(xiang)(xiang)站可(ke)對(dui)風向、風速、光(guang)照強度(du)、空氣(qi)溫濕(shi)度(du)、土壤(rang)溫濕(shi)度(du)、降水等要素進(jin)行實時監測，并通(tong)過(guo)傳感(gan)器將(jiang)所得數據上傳到(dao)的軟件技(ji)術(shu)平臺，實時實地監測數據。在現場相關技(ji)術(shu)人員對(dui)農(nong)業自動氣(qi)象(xiang)(xiang)站進(jin)行反復核(he)查校(xiao)準(zhun)，確(que)保測量精(jing)確(que)。

　　二、農(nong)(nong)業自(zi)動氣(qi)(qi)象站是專(zhuan)門為農(nong)(nong)田、林場和(he)(he)溫(wen)室等小尺度氣(qi)(qi)象生(sheng)(sheng)態觀測、考察和(he)(he)研究(jiu)(jiu)而(er)開發生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)的(de)(de)多要(yao)素(su)氣(qi)(qi)候環境(jing)觀測系統(tong)，它能(neng)對(dui)(dui)與植(zhi)被和(he)(he)農(nong)(nong)作(zuo)物生(sheng)(sheng)長密切相關的(de)(de)土(tu)壤、水(shui)、氣(qi)(qi)、風、光照(zhao)、熱量(liang)和(he)(he)溫(wen)濕(shi)度等環境(jing)參(can)數(shu)進行(xing)連續監(jian)測，實現對(dui)(dui)設施農(nong)(nong)業和(he)(he)林場綜合生(sheng)(sheng)態信(xin)息自(zi)動監(jian)控、對(dui)(dui)環境(jing)進行(xing)自(zi)動控制(zhi)和(he)(he)智能(neng)化管理。對(dui)(dui)病蟲防治(zhi)、作(zuo)物生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)和(he)(he)商業及研究(jiu)(jiu)分析提供(gong)(gong)強有力的(de)(de)科(ke)學(xue)數(shu)據(ju)支持(chi)。所(suo)以建設農(nong)(nong)林小氣(qi)(qi)候觀測氣(qi)(qi)象站，對(dui)(dui)發展現代(dai)農(nong)(nong)林、育(yu)(yu)良種挖特色(se)造精(jing)品的(de)(de)精(jing)致農(nong)(nong)業和(he)(he)推進農(nong)(nong)村經濟轉型升級具有戰略意義(yi)，而(er)且對(dui)(dui)都市農(nong)(nong)業的(de)(de)新品種先育(yu)(yu)、載培技術研究(jiu)(jiu)和(he)(he)種苗(miao)培育(yu)(yu)提供(gong)(gong)現代(dai)的(de)(de)、低碳節(jie)約環保型種值氣(qi)(qi)候環境(jing)提供(gong)(gong)科(ke)學(xue)的(de)(de)數(shu)據(ju)依(yi)據(ju)，保駕(jia)護(hu)航的(de)(de)作(zuo)用(yong)。

　　三、特制(zhi)的(de)農(nong)業災(zai)害綜(zong)合(he)指(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)數(shu)(shu)(shu)，可同(tong)時具(ju)有酷(ku)熱指(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)數(shu)(shu)(shu)、風寒指(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)數(shu)(shu)(shu)、高溫熱害指(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)數(shu)(shu)(shu)和(he)綜(zong)合(he)寒害指(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)數(shu)(shu)(shu)、風力等級監(jian)測。更智能化，人(ren)性(xing)化和(he)科(ke)學化農(nong)作物和(he)田(tian)(tian)間(jian)生(sheng)產(chan)和(he)管(guan)理。可以通(tong)過田(tian)(tian)間(jian)地(di)頭的(de)小喇叭或(huo)電(dian)子(zi)顯示(shi)屏(ping)實(shi)時通(tong)知(zhi)田(tian)(tian)間(jian)勞動人(ren)員合(he)理的(de)安(an)排(pai)農(nong)作時間(jian)，減(jian)少(shao)人(ren)員和(he)財產(chan)的(de)損(sun)失。

　　一、農(nong)(nong)業生(sheng)(sheng)物的生(sheng)(sheng)長發育動(dong)態，農(nong)(nong)業生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)過(guo)程及其氣象、土(tu)壤、生(sheng)(sheng)物環境(jing)所(suo)進(jin)行的觀測。

　　二、農(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)氣象觀(guan)(guan)(guan)測站對農(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)氣象要(yao)素和農(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)生(sheng)產的對象和過程同時進(jin)行平行的觀(guan)(guan)(guan)察、測定(ding)和記載，是(shi)農(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)氣象服務(wu)和科研工作(zuo)的基礎。其主要(yao)內(nei)容包括：農(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)氣象要(yao)素觀(guan)(guan)(guan)測，農(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)小(xiao)氣候觀(guan)(guan)(guan)測，農(nong)(nong)作(zuo)物(wu)、牧草、畜(chu)禽、經(jing)濟林(lin)木發育期(qi)和生(sheng)長狀況(kuang)觀(guan)(guan)(guan)測，自然物(wu)候觀(guan)(guan)(guan)測以及農(nong)(nong)牧業(ye)(ye)氣象災(zai)害觀(guan)(guan)(guan)測等。

　　農(nong)業(ye)氣象(xiang)觀(guan)測所(suo)獲得的資料(liao)可(ke)用來鑒定(ding)農(nong)業(ye)生產對象(xiang)和(he)過(guo)程與氣象(xiang)條件的定(ding)量關系，進行農(nong)業(ye)氣象(xiang)情報、預報服務(wu)以及(ji)農(nong)業(ye)氣候(hou)資源(yuan)的分析和(he)區劃，也可(ke)為利用、調節和(he)改(gai)造農(nong)業(ye)小氣候(hou)條件提(ti)供(gong)基本(ben)資料(liao)。

　　農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)氣(qi)象(xiang)(xiang)觀(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)測(ce)遵循平行觀(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)測(ce)的(de)(de)(de)原(yuan)則，在(zai)農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)氣(qi)象(xiang)(xiang)站(zhan)附(fu)近的(de)(de)(de)農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)氣(qi)象(xiang)(xiang)觀(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)測(ce)地(di)(di)段上進行。為了(le)使觀(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)測(ce)資(zi)料具有代表性(xing)和(he)(he)可比(bi)性(xing)，在(zai)選擇觀(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)測(ce)地(di)(di)段時(shi)(shi)要考慮地(di)(di)形、土壤、地(di)(di)下水位和(he)(he)耕作技術等因素(su)在(zai)年際間(jian)的(de)(de)(de)基(ji)本(ben)一致。觀(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)測(ce)的(de)(de)(de)農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)對象(xiang)(xiang)要選擇當地(di)(di)最有代表性(xing)的(de)(de)(de)種類。物(wu)候觀(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)測(ce)的(de)(de)(de)時(shi)(shi)間(jian)間(jian)隔以不(bu)漏測(ce)和(he)(he)不(bu)遲測(ce)為原(yuan)則，農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)氣(qi)象(xiang)(xiang)要素(su)的(de)(de)(de)觀(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)測(ce)應能反映其變化狀(zhuang)況和(he)(he)極值(zhi)。觀(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)測(ce)時(shi)(shi)間(jian)可根據農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)氣(qi)象(xiang)(xiang)要素(su)和(he)(he)農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)生產對象(xiang)(xiang)的(de)(de)(de)特(te)點來確定(ding)(ding)；同時(shi)(shi)要考慮與氣(qi)象(xiang)(xiang)站(zhan)的(de)(de)(de)氣(qi)象(xiang)(xiang)觀(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)測(ce)時(shi)(shi)間(jian)相(xiang)配合(he)，通常采用(yong)定(ding)(ding)期(qi)觀(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)測(ce)，也可進行不(bu)定(ding)(ding)期(qi)觀(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)測(ce)。

　　農業(ye)氣象觀(guan)測(ce)(ce)(ce)方法根(gen)據(ju)所(suo)要求的精度分為(wei)目測(ce)(ce)(ce)、常規儀(yi)器(qi)(qi)(qi)觀(guan)測(ce)(ce)(ce)和精密儀(yi)器(qi)(qi)(qi)觀(guan)測(ce)(ce)(ce)。70年代以來，觀(guan)測(ce)(ce)(ce)儀(yi)器(qi)(qi)(qi)有所(suo)改進，出(chu)現了遙(yao)測(ce)(ce)(ce)和綜(zong)合農業(ye)氣象觀(guan)測(ce)(ce)(ce)儀(yi)器(qi)(qi)(qi)，可自(zi)(zi)動(dong)打印記(ji)錄多種農業(ye)氣象要素的數據(ju)。遙(yao)感(gan)技術提供大范圍(wei)的溫度、雨量(liang)和土壤濕度等信息(xi)，也(ye)可用于(yu)確(que)定自(zi)(zi)然植被、作物(wu)和畜禽(qin)的狀況。這些(xie)都為(wei)農業(ye)氣象觀(guan)測(ce)(ce)(ce)工作的自(zi)(zi)動(dong)化、遙(yao)測(ce)(ce)(ce)化和綜(zong)合化以及最后達到(dao)客觀(guan)化展示了良好的前景。